I am sitting at a table at Sturdy Shelter Brewing in Batavia for my third book event in two weeks. It’s been nice to sell a few books, but the real value of each event has been meeting people and talking about education.
I particularly treasure conversations with those still in the classroom. I know: teaching is harder than it ever was in my time, but this country depends on these teachers to help prepare our youth for an evermore uncertain future. Each one of them has stories to tell.
At my reading last Sunday night, after I read the opening of my novel about a teacher in Texas who struggles with micromanagement and limits on the history she can include, a current teacher came up to me, eyes moist, to thank me. A history teacher herself, she struggled even here in liberal Illinois. That same night one of the facilitators, a teacher I know and respect, told me how much harder it had gotten. Mental health issues, absenteeism, a lack of cooperation and collaboration, helicopter parents, cheating and misuse of AI – the list of challenges seems pretty overwhelming.
I heard the same issues from teachers who stopped by my table at the local authors event at my public library last weekend. I read an entry from my favorite teacher’s blog where even he, one of the most reflective and committed teachers I know, wrote about burnout and discouragement.
I do indeed feel fortunate to have taught where and when I did. I faced plenty of challenges, but nothing like those crippling too many teachers today. My book events bring me face-to-face with those teachers, and I ache for them.
What does this mean for us as a country? We need to face these challenges head-on. We need to find ways to support teachers who are still deep in the trenches, doing their best to make a difference for their learners. Teachers and students need more than the lip service we freely offer them—they need us to work to change the culture, to provide support services, to make their workload manageable. The future holds further challenge, and our students are ill-prepared for it, our teachers too worn out. We simply can’t afford to wait.
You can make a difference. Learn about your school’s programs. Go to board meetings to support reasonable budgets. Consider volunteering. Ask what the schools need.
I’ve written often about our failure to meet the needs of our students and the cost to their learning. Now I’m asking my readers to think about how to support teachers who are trying to help those learners. If our teachers are too burned out to prepare our children for the future that awaits them, we’re in even deeper trouble than we thought. All of us have a stake here.
I keep wanting to tackle other topics in this blog, but the Texan culture warriors just won’t take a break, so I won’t either.
Despite the assertions of too many, the United States is not and has never been a Christian country. Our founding fathers, particularly Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, advocated for a separation of church and state to protect religious freedom and prevent government overreach into religious affairs. They believed that the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause (“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion”) and Free Exercise Clause (“or prohibiting the free exercise thereof”) created a “wall of separation” between government and religious institutions. The 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause incorporates the First Amendment’s protections, including the Establishment Clause, to the states, ensuring that state governments cannot infringe upon religious freedom.
Yet Texas continues to push Christianity in schools. In 2021 Texas passed legislation requiring schools to display “In God We Trust” signs as long as they are donated by a private foundation. Last May Governor Abbott signed a bill requiring schools to post the Ten Commandments even though last June a Federal Court found a similar bill from Louisiana unconstitutional. And this session lawmakers are even pushing bills to allow a religious study or prayer period in schools. (texastribune.org)
All of this would be bad enough, but last November, Texas adopted Bluebonnet, a bible-infused curriculum, making it, “the first state to introduce Bible lessons in schools in this manner, according to Matthew Patrick Shaw, an assistant professor of public policy and education at Vanderbilt University.” Critics maintain that even with recent revisions, the lessons remain biased toward Christianity, are sometimes misleading, and teach complex topics better suited for older children. Others warn that the materials overstep parents’ rights to make decisions about the role of religion in their kids’ lives. (abc7ny.com)
Texas won’t even reveal the authorship of the bill or its cost, claiming that the work falls under a disaster declaration that the Governor used to speed up the delivery of supplies during the pandemic. This clearly intentional lack of transparency and this rationalization have not satisfied some state Board of Education members, who say the curriculum borders on proselytizing and promotes a distinctly evangelical view of American history. The curriculum extends its Christian focus and is not always age-appropriate or accurate. For example, “A teacher’s guide for a third-grade lesson on ancient Rome, for example, devotes eight pages to the life and ministry of Jesus — presenting many of the events as historical facts, scholars say. But the Islamic prophet Muhammad isn’t named anywhere. A kindergarten lesson on “Goldilocks and the Three Bears” draws parallels to Jesus’s Sermon on the Mount. And an art appreciation lesson walks 5-year-olds through the creation story from the Book of Genesis.” (www.the74million.org)
Other concerns have been identified by Mark Chancey, a religious studies professor at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, who said he submitted over 80 comments to the state. He points out distortions in the story of Queen Esther, and his analysis showed that the authors relied overwhelmingly on a 1978 version of the Bible that he called a “distinctively evangelical translation” that was “made by evangelical scholars for evangelical Christians.” (Ibid.)
And the bill is suspiciously similar to others produced by Christian right bill mills in a national push to provide model legislation to help states embed Christianity in their schools. (www.the74million.org2)
There is some good news. “Texas won’t force districts to use the materials, but is offering up to $60 per student — a total of $540 million — to any that adopt the program. That’s an incentive many are unlikely to turn down at a time school systems are projecting deficits and calling for tax increases to offset them.” (www.the74million.org) Indeed, many of the largest districts in Texas are choosing not to adopt this reading program or to use only parts of it. Texas has 1200 public schools and about 600 charters, but between May and late July, only 144 districts and charters had ordered the materials, and only one of the 20 largest districts intends to use them. (www.the74million.org4)
Yet the Texas Education Agency continues to push the program. It insists that free state support will help students perform well on tests, and it made the materials available months before other options. State lawmakers authorized contracts with businesses to “promote, market and advertise” Bluebonnet and appropriated $243 million to districts to help with implementation costs, like coaching for teachers. (Ibid.)
So: a reading program infused with Christianity that is biased, non-inclusive, inaccurate, not nuanced… what could go wrong? The hypocrisy of leaders and parents who insist that parents should decide how to raise their children in all arenas, including religion, while they embed a specific religion into state curriculum, is staggering. And Texas is not alone in this pursuit. Our constitution and basic rights are being assailed, and we need more public reaction to stop it.
Last Saturday I had the privilege of launching my new novel at our favorite local bookstore, Harvey’s Tales, in Geneva, Illinois. My first foray into fiction, Caught in the Crossfire evolved from the research I’ve done for this blog. I’ve written often about the pressures teachers are under, the micromanagement and censorship they face in many states. As my frustration continued to rise, a mythical teacher named Claire Peters emerged in my dreams, in the shower, on long car rides, and she urged me to tell her story. I did, and the writing of it became therapeutic. I had no sense of whether anyone else would care. To my surprise, teachers I’d never met, teachers who saw local articles and publicity about the upcoming launch, joined us on Saturday. Although the heat was gruesome, they – and others – stuck it out and talked about the book.
I loved the conversation about our passion for teaching, our concerns for current students and teachers and the struggles they face, the importance of teaching… I could go on! We acknowledged, though, the new challenges that teachers and students, along with parents and administrators, face.
I really loved being a teacher until I didn’t. At the end of my public school career, changes in my school and my role didn’t appeal to me, and I was wise enough to resign and lucky enough to be able to resign. But I continued in education in multiple ways because it is who I am at the very core. These women agreed. We’re all relieved not to be dealing with the current challenges, and those very challenges are far worse in states like Texas and Florida. Writing about a mythical teacher’s struggles in Texas proved cathartic for me, and I hope this story sparks lots of conversation among educators and others alike.
I find solace in Rachel Jorgenson’s August 2023 Edutopia post, “Why I Keep Teaching.” (edutopia.org) She acknowledges that the “teaching profession has rarely felt more bleak” yet insists that the work of teachers matters. She lists four reasons:
Every time I show up for work, a student might change my life for the better.
My work has invisible ripple effects
My head and my heart are engaged every day
My work is an investment in a brighter future
Her conclusion expresses my views on teaching better than I ever could: “Our work has an impact, whether we see it or not. We may be planting seeds that don’t come to fruition until decades later. Showing up for students with love, empathy, kindness, and selflessness makes a tremendous impact, whether or not we know it.”
I’ve been one of the lucky ones. I’ve had students reach out to me years later, showing me I mattered to them.
I’ve often likened teaching to the title of a favorite children’s book, Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day. When it’s going well, there’s nothing like it: seeing a student make a discovery and develop understanding is a gift to both the student and the teacher, but sometimes we all have “terrible, horrible, no good, very bad day[s].” Rachel Jorgensen and the teachers I met at my book launch remind me that we must make the good days count and make the others worth it.
Note: Caught in the Crossfire is available from Harvey’s Tales (https://harveystales.com/) and directly from the author or Amazon. In mid-July it will be available at bookstores in six states, including Powell’s Books in Portland, Oregon, and Barnes & Noble in New York City and Salt Lake City.
The research I do for this blog has driven my concern about teachers being “handcuffed” by micromanagement and censorship in far too many states. Texas and Florida may lead this unhelpful pack, and my growing frustration sought an outlet.
Until now, my writing has been non-fiction, but nearly two years ago, a creative and talented teacher named Claire Peters started pestering me in my dreams, in the shower, on long car rides. My mythical colleague had a story to tell and hounded me to tell it. Reluctantly, I let myself be drawn in. Claire’s story led me to research schools, communities, and laws in Texas, to merge real places and issues into this telling. Although this novel is fiction, it’s grounded in what happened to teachers in Texas during the 2022-2023 school year, interference and micromanagement that continue to this day. The realities drew me in, and I hope they draw my readers in, too.
I didn’t know the ending when I began. I just let Claire lead me, and this is where we landed.
In hindsight, a conversation with a fellow writer reminded me that I, too, had experienced this kind of micromanagement in my very first teaching job, an experience so challenging that it nearly ended my teaching career at the start. You can read all about it my teaching memoir, Tales Told Out of School: Lessons Learned by the Teacher.
I was lucky. I was pregnant with our second child when that school year ended, and we were committed to my being home with our children once my husband finished graduate school. Taking care of our sons gave me a five-year respite which created the space for me to try teaching again. Decades later, I’m grateful for that second chance. But that first experience clearly pushed Claire’s story for me.
I give you Claire Peters. She isn’t me, but I think we’d be friends if she were human. And I’m grateful for her pushing me to tell this story. I hope you found her as compelling as I did.
And I hope her story generates conversations about what it means to be a good teacher in a system that discourages good teaching. I believe that the best teachers coach learners to ask open-ended questions and then seek answers for them. I believe that the point of studying the humanities is to better understand people and lead to better decisions in the future. I believe that history teachers help learners discover the past so that we are not condemned to repeat its mistakes. How, then, can a teacher caught in the cultural crossfire coach learners effectively? How can that teacher encourage questions and independent thought when history is whitewashed and connections are discouraged?
I don’t have answers, but I will always pose questions. We need to protect independent thought, to raise independent thinkers. We cannot do that with our hands tied.
Note: My book is available through Harvey’s Tales in Geneva, Illinois [https://harveystales.com/] and on Amazon in paperback and Kindle.
My relief about last month’s Supreme Court’s decision not to allow Oklahoma to open the nation’s first publicly funded Catholic charter school may have been premature. I knew the decision was narrow and ended in a tie, with Justice Barrett recusing herself, but at least the court “affirmed last year’s Oklahoma Supreme Court decision that the concept of a publicly funded Catholic charter school is unconstitutional.” (oklahomavoice.com)
The first amendment to our Constitution unequivocally states, “”Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” The Court’s tie ruling, however, suggests some openness to dismantling that separation. Our current administration insists that we are a Christian country despite the clarity of the amendment’s statement.
In 1980 in Stone v. Graham, the Court found that Kentucky’s requirement to post the Ten Commandments in schools “violated the Establishment Clause of the Constitution. The Court found that the requirement that the Ten Commandments be posted ‘had no secular legislative purpose’ and was ‘plainly religious in nature.’ The Court noted that the Commandments did not confine themselves to arguably secular matters (such as murder, stealing, etc.), but rather concerned matters such as the worship of God and the observance of the Sabbath Day.” (www.oyez.org )
Despite precedents like that, a year ago, Louisiana Governor Jeff Landry signed a bill into law mandating that the Ten Commandments be posted in every classroom in the state and said, ““I can’t wait to be sued.” Last November, U.S. District Judge John deGravelles that “the law is ‘facially unconstitutional’ and ‘in all applications,’ barring Louisiana from enforcing it and adopting rules around it that obligate all public K-12 schools and colleges to exhibit posters of the Ten Commandments.” (nbcnews.com)
When this case reaches the Supreme Court, the outcome should be a no-brainer. Constitutional law scholar Sanford Levinson warns, however, that the current Court’s willingness to dispense with past precedents may lead to a different decision. (hls.harvard.edu )
And Louisiana is not alone. This fall every school in Texas must post a copy of the Ten Commandments, and they will not be permitted to post any alternatives: “the bill requires every classroom to visibly display a poster sized at least 16 by 20 inches. The poster can’t include any text other than the language laid out in the bill, and no other similar posters may be displayed.” (texastribune.com)
Other states have climbed on this bandwagon. In 2024, Arizona Governor Katie Hobbs vetoed a state senate bill that would have permitted posting the Ten Commandments in schools. Last summer Utah passed a bill “adding the Ten Commandments along with the Magna Carta to a list of approved historical documents and principles allowed to be studied in public schools.” The final watered-down version that passed removed the requirement and made the display optional. (abc4news.com) In Oklahoma, House Bill 1006, which failed last year, has been revived and would require a poster or a framed copy of the Ten Commandments to be posted in a conspicuous place in every public school classroom in Oklahoma, the same state where Education Superintendent Ryan Walters “ordered public schools to keep a copy of the Bible in every classroom and incorporate the Christian text into lesson plans. Several district leaders have said they won’t comply, and a lawsuit is challenging the order.” (oklahomavoice.com)
The Supreme Court has weakened the doctrine of separation of church and state before. In 2005 in Van Orden v. Perry, a lawsuit about a monolith displaying the Ten Commandments being placed at the Texas state capitol after being donated by a private group, the Court determined that, “The Establishment Clause does not prohibit per se all forms of government action that may have religious content or a religious message.” (supremejustia.com) In the 2019 Kennedy v. Bremerton case, the Court determined that the football coach had the right to pray on the high school football field after a game, where he could be joined by players. (www.law.cornell.edu)
I fear that the current US Supreme Court will continue to make decisions that erode the separation of church and state. Mandated posting of the Ten Commandments excludes other religions along with atheists and agnostics. It has no part in our public square. Our founding fathers were not anti-religion, but they sought relief from the enforcement of any single religion. I believe in an inclusive and welcoming space for all learners. Religious instruction has been a private matter and must remain so.
My heart lies with Project Head Start. As a senior in high school, already committed to teaching, I was lucky enough to volunteer in one of the first Head Start programs in New York. I saw firsthand fine teaching and coaching. I met children who grew up without books and reading in their homes, who became a rapt audience. I valued the relationship-building the paid teachers facilitated and felt hopeful for the future of the kids enrolled. That hopefulness was confirmed when I researched the impact of the program for one of my education classes in college.
Knowing that research might now be updated, I just did another search. Overall, the program remains effective: children have significantly better social-emotional, language, and cognitive development and are better prepared for kindergarten. (Love et al., 2002) These children are less likely to end up in foster care (sciencedirect.com), more likely to have better health outcomes (Lee et al., 2013; Ludwig and Miller, 2007), more likely to graduate high school (Bauer and Schanzenbach, 2016) and go to at least one year of college and less likely to be unemployed (Deming, 2009). The children of Head Start graduates are significantly more likely to finish high school and enroll in college and they are significantly less likely to become teen parents or to be involved in the criminal justice system. (Barr and Gibbs, 2017)
A systematic meta-study shows that “studies have found persistent favorable effects of Head Start on academic achievement scores at older ages; on educational attainment, including high school graduation and college enrollment; on other lifecourse outcomes such as criminal behavior, teen pregnancy, and aspects of health, albeit with some differences in the magnitude of the impacts across subgroups defined by gender or race-ethnicity.” (www.rand.org)
I find the plans of the current administration to defund this valuable program not only appalling but also bewildering. Head Start, which serves more than half a million of the country’s neediest children, is run by public and private schools but dependent on the federal government for its funding. Current programs have received $1 billion less already, “slow-walking” money approved by Congress. That’s almost a third of their funding, and its absence caused some programs to close. (apnews.com) RFK Jr. claims he wants to preserve funding for this fiscal year (chicagotribune.com), but last month the news leaked that the Trump administration would propose eliminating Project Head Start in 2026. (usatoday.com) Indeed, in early April the federal government closed five regional Head Start offices, including the Chicago regional office. (chicagotribune.com) The ACLU has filed a lawsuit asking the federal court to stop the administration from stripping funding for Head Start and closing program offices. (chicagotribune.com 2)
While the ultimate outcome is unclear, programs suffer from the uncertainty. I believe in Project Head Start because it serves children who need support. I am convinced that Project Head Start’s investment in our neediest children offers a good return on investment. For those who don’t value its work as a moral issue, the economics should convince them. Cutting this program might save money initially but will cost far more in the long run. The human cost is incalculable. I am heartbroken that the current administration continues to weaponize funding instead of making wise decisions about what’s worth doing. Too many of our children and—ultimately—their ability to be self-sufficient adults with agency are at stake.
My absolute opposition to book banning and censorship is not new, but the latest news from the Naval Academy’s library has me back on my bandwagon. Nearly 400 books were removed last week after Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth’s office ordered the school to get rid of works that promote diversity, equity and inclusion.
I’ve written before about my experiences and core beliefs:
Growing up in a home where I could read anything I wanted as long as we talked about it showed me the breadth and depth of books and made me a better thinker.
Reading controversial work is nowhere near as dangerous as ignorance.
Parents who want some say in what their children read need to accord other parents the same grace instead of forcing their decisions on all parents.
Adults should have the freedom to make their own choices.
Reading books that offer different worldviews and beliefs does not threaten us. Instead, that should cause us to clarify our own worldview and beliefs.
Public libraries should remain free and accessible.
Standards of appropriateness should be even-handed and not driven by ideology.
That’s why Hegseth’s recent move is so appalling to me. His order “resulted in a purge of books critical of racism but preserved volumes defending white power.” (nytimes.com)
Culled books include I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou, “How to Be an Antiracist by Ibram X. Kendi, Bodies in Doubt by Elizabeth Reis, and White Rage by Carol Anderson, Half American, about African Americans in World War II; A Respectable Woman, about the public roles of African American women in 19th century New York; and Pursuing Trayvon Martin, about the 2012 shooting of the Black 17-year-old in Florida that raised questions about racial profiling. Other books that deal with gender identity, sexuality and transgender issues were removed, including books about topics such as African American women poets, entertainers who wore blackface and the treatment of women in Islamic countries. (www.cbsnews.com)
“None was banned outright — just rendered ‘not immediately available,’ a Naval Academy spokesman, Cmdr. Tim Hawkins, said. The books, he said, had been placed in a room where patrons could no longer access them.” Katherine Kuzminski, director of Studies at the Center for a New American Security, complained to ABC News about the lack of criteria. Other officials added their voices. Richard Kohn, a military historian and former chief historian for the Air Force, said, “You can’t make ideas safe for people, but you can make people safe for ideas. If you don’t mentor students in the academies to understand what’s going on in American society, you don’t really educate them.” Retired U.S. Air Force Col. Thomas Keaney, a senior fellow at Johns Hopkins School of Advanced international Studies, added, “I don’t think anyone is going to be hurt by reading anything—however nutty or outside their own culture it is. You’re not harming people by exposing them to ideas. On the contrary, you’re training them to be discerning leaders. Give them a chance. Don’t leave them to deal from ignorance.” (abcnews.com)
Although Trump’s January executive orders banned DEI content in K–12 schools receiving federal funds, military service academies were exempt since they are not classified as K–12 institutions. (foxnews.com) Yet the Pentagon has said the academies are “fully committed to executing and implementing President Trump’s Executive Orders.” In January, federal government websites were scrubbed to remove diversity-related content. (www.cbsnews.com)
I find the double standard especially. Why are these books removed while Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler and The Camp of the Saints, a book that envisions immigrants taking over the Western world, a book embraced by white supremacists and promoted by Stephen Miller, remain? Why are frightening ideas from the right not indoctrinating the students whom they insist they want to protect? If reading materials are so dangerous that we must purge books, how do these hostile volumes get a pass?
Adm. James G. Stavridis, an author, academy alumnus and former commander of all U.S. forces in Europe, pointed out that no students are forced to read these books and questioned what we fear. He had specifically cited Maya Angelou’s book as a “valuable resource for helping military leaders understand the diversity of viewpoints that make up the armed forces. Book banning can be a canary in a coal mine and could predict a stifling of free speech and thought,” he added. “Books that challenge us make us stronger. We need officers who are educated, not indoctrinated.” (nytimes.com)
Representatives Adam Smith of Washington and Chrissy Houlahan of Pennsylvania, both Democrats, wrote a letter on April 4 to John Phelan, the Navy secretary, denouncing the move as “a blatant attack on the First Amendment and a clear effort to suppress academic freedom and rigor” at the school and “an alarming return to McCarthy-era censorship.” (nytimes.com)
Other assaults on free speech, due process, and constitutional protections have already flooded our capacity to respond. I don’t know how to stop these assaults, but they do matter. Aren’t they important enough to prompt us to call our congress people and write letters to the editor? The time is now. Let’s hope it’s not too late.
Trump’s wrecking ball has reached the Department of Education. On March 20, Trump signed an executive order, proclaiming that he was returning education to the states. The states already control education, not the feds, but additional support at the federal level matters. 13.7% of the dollars spent on education come from this department, but states and school districts have some control over them. (usafacts.org) And that means that the vast majority of funding, 86.3%, comes from state and local revenue. “The department has no power over what’s taught in schools.” (npr.org)
This action violates the separation of powers. Only Congress has the authority to abolish a cabinet-level agency, yet Trump and his minions have already begun to dismantle it. (nytimes.com)
Most Americans don’t seem to have a clue about what the Department does or why it matters.
“ED’s mission is to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access.” (www.ed.gov)
While the Department serves many valuable functions, my immediate concerns include Title I, which provides supplemental financial assistance to school districts/schools with a high percentage of children from low-income families, and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which provides money to districts to support the learning of students with disabilities. (time.com)
Without the Department’s authority and funding, who will protect students with disabilities? Enforce Individualized Education Programs? Ensure that schools don’t refuse accommodations to kids who need them? Ensure equal access to education through Title IX and Title VI programs? Support districts with high poverty levels? Oversee federal student loans? Investigate discrimination? Support educational research?
And the vaunted huge cost savings? The Department of Education employed around 4,200 employees last September, according to the Office of Personnel Management, which accounted for about 0.2% of overall federal employment last year—the smallest staff of the 15 Cabinet agencies. (time.com) It accounts for a mere 4.0% of the $6.8 trillion in overall federal spending. (usafacts.org2)
I fear that the administration’s shock and awe approach is far too effective, that we mere mortals struggle to keep up with all of the actions and cannot stop them in time because the law moves more slowly than the administration’s flurry of orders. This problem is even more serious when Americans don’t understand what’s at stake, when their lack of familiarity with an agency allows them to minimize its importance.
Education matters. It’s the best route to self-sufficiency for individuals and for global competitiveness. The Department of Education matters. It supports accessible, quality education. The impact of its dismantling is terrifying.
Fight back. Call your congresspeople, write letters to the editor, talk to neighbors. The power lies with us only if we choose to use it.
I’m writing the final chapters of my novel about a Connecticut teacher who moves to Texas for her husband’s job and has to deal with micromanagement and censorship by her administrators. Although that’s never happened to me—I was lucky enough to teach in a period of relative autonomy and few culture wars—I realize that bits and pieces of my own experience certainly have “leaked in.” I find myself looking at the current climate in schools, even in “woke” Illinois where we live, and wondering what it would be like to teach now. That’s led me to explore what drove me to teach in the first place, what I believe is important for teaching and learning.
I ended my years in the public schools a very different teacher from my earliest efforts. I wrote about that evolution in the previous entry, but there my focus was on the ridiculous concept that anybody can walk into a classroom and teach effectively without good training – thanks, Wyoming! [see previous blog]
Today I find myself preoccupied with the importance of fostering critical thinking. In my novel, my protagonist routinely gets in trouble because she encourages students to think and question, and parents and administrators feel she’s displacing the parents and telling students what to think. Not at all. The best teachers encourage students to think for themselves. They don’t want their learners to parrot their parents or their teachers. I believe that the main purposes of teaching include helping learners to read deeply, to understand how to find and evaluate information, and to develop critical thinking habits of mind that help them draw their own conclusions. Too many use the culture wars as a blockade for that kind of teaching and learning.
The only time I enjoyed history in my public schools happened sophomore year, when Mr. Vance challenged us to read books like The Armada about the attempt of the Spanish Armada to invade England in 1588. Garrett Mattingly tells the story of the people involved; Mr. Vance urged us to look at what they did and why they did it, then what we could learn from that. The rest of my social studies classes required memorization and recitation of facts without much context and purpose. Discovering political science classes in college, classes that focused on the why and how and what we can learn from that, was a revelation to me. I loved being encouraged to make those connections.
Later in my career, I pushed students to look at the big ideas that arose in the literature we were reading. What does it mean to be a good person? Do we have enough free will? What makes a society just? How does power corrupt? And so many more. While other English teachers gave multiple choice and short answer semester exams, I’d select one big idea and ask my students to trace it through the works they’d read. I allowed them to prepare and bring a 3 x 5” card with notes [but not a magnifying glass!] to the exam. They never knew which big idea I’d choose, and they often met with fellow students to discuss and evaluate the works, exploring all the big ideas they could find. Reading their responses showed me that they’d learned about the world from the literature, that they could use those learnings to be better at asking and answering questions themselves.
State standards developed with teacher input can be invaluable in building a common core of understanding, but teaching to the test does not encourage critical thinking. Too often teachers focus their teaching on improving student performance on a prepackaged exam rather than enhancing their understanding. This approach doesn’t even allow enough time to develop critical thinking skills. If we want a thoughtful populace, we need to support teachers who teach students to ask questions and to develop and be able to justify their answers.
I was driven to write my teaching protagonist’s story to ease my own frustration with the wrong-headed direction of public education. A form of useful therapy, the writing also has pushed me to be clear in my beliefs about teaching and learning. I miss the classroom. I miss those “ah ha” moments my students sometimes had. I wish I could believe that such efforts are still practiced and valued for many students now and in the future, but news stories from too many states suggest that’s a pipe dream.
In 1982 in Plyler vs. Doe, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that “denying undocumented children of illegal immigrants the right to attend public school constitutes discrimination based on alienage that violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.” (www.uscourts.gov)
The incoming administration has promised mass deportations, and many families fear for their future. Imagine being a student going to school not knowing if your parents will be gone when you get home. Imagine being afraid to go to school, to seek medical attention when you need it, to go to work.
But schools, like hospitals, places of worship, and libraries, are currently considered “sensitive places,” meaning ICE officials [with few exceptions] cannot enter them to arrest and deport people. (www.nbcnews.com) And a U. S. Government Fact Sheet, “Information on the Rights of All Children to Enroll in School,” says schools may ask for proof of age and residency, but “A school district may not ask about your or your child’s citizenship or immigration status to establish residency within the district, nor may a school district deny a homeless child (including a homeless child who is undocumented) enrollment because he or she cannot provide the required documents to establish residency.” (www.ed.gov)
Now Oklahoma wants to mandate that students provide proof of citizenship when they enroll in seeming violation of that ruling. The proposed law does stipulate “its language shall not be construed to inhibit any student from receiving the education they’re entitled to under state and federal law. It also prohibits the data outlined in the proposed section be used to record an individual.” (www.oklahoman.com) “It’s hurtful, and it’s going to create fear,” said Nick Migliorino, superintendent of the Norman Public Schools, south of Oklahoma City. “Not educating kids because of the status of their parents helps nobody.” (Ibid.)
Oklahoma is not alone. California voters passed Proposition 187 in 1994, denying undocumented immigrants access to public education and other services. It required teachers to report students they suspected were undocumented to authorities. But advocates and federal courts found it unconstitutional. (history.com) Alabama HB 56, which was overturned by the federal courts, would have required schools to collect data on undocumented students, though it would not have prohibited their attendance. (americanbar.org) Utah Republican state lawmaker Trevor Lee sponsored a proposed constitutional amendment to “limit the public education system to children who are citizens of the United States or legal residents of the United States,” which he later withdrew. (sltrib.com) In 2022 in Tennessee, Rep. Bruce Griffey, R-Paris, sponsored HB1648, that would allow local educational agencies or public charter schools to deny enrollment to students based on their immigration status. (tennesseelookout.com) Now Tennessee Republicans are pushing a new school voucher bill that would not allow undocumented students to participate (newschannel9.com), a clear violation of the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.
Last December Trump said he supports deporting mixed-status families, meaning families with some members who are U.S. citizens. “The only way you don’t break up the family is you keep them together,” Trump said in a television interview, “and you have to send them all back.” (www.usatoday.com) Where is due process and protection under the law for those citizens?
As “protected areas or sensitive locations,” schools have been off limits for ICE agents at least since 2011. Raids on schools are harmful. “Research shows that enrollment of Hispanic students in school drops, especially in the elementary grades, when ICE and local law enforcement partner to enforce immigration laws. Following a raid at a Tennessee meatpacking plant in 2019, hundreds of students in the local district were absent.” (www.the74million.org)
Yet these legal sanctuaries may lose their status under the incoming administration, however, as detailed in Project 2025. (www.nbcnews.com)
Until then, educators and employees at all these locations need to know the law and protect the rights of their students. Viridiana Carrizales, the CEO of ImmSchools, an organization that trains schools on supporting immigrant students, says “it’s vital that school staff are trained on FERPA, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, a federal law governing the privacy of student records. Under FERPA, school personnel cannot disclose a student’s records to an immigration official unless the school has consent from the student’s parent or the official has a valid subpoena or court order.” (usatoday.com2)
On January 6, 2025, Los Angeles Unified School District Supt. Alberto Carvalho “highlighted mandatory upcoming training for employees about what assistance or documentation they cannot or should not provide to federal immigration authorities.” The district will also provide Know Your Rights cards and state-funded mental health support for students that will be available online or by phone. (www.latimes.com)
LA is not alone. “Teachers in the Chicago schools and the nation’s two big teachers unions acting jointly in California are hatching plans to protect their students, and specifically their undocumented students, from Donald Trump-ordered raids on schools.” (www.peoplesworld.org) Suburban school districts in the Chicago area, which the new border czar has said will be one of the first targets, are reaching out to families, trying to ease fears. (abc7chicago) My local political activism group is meeting with school leaders in our towns, providing resources and information to ensure that they provide students with all the legal protections to which they are entitled.
Other districts are leading, too. New York City has directed educators who are concerned about their students being deported to online information sessions hosted by Project Rousseau, a nonprofit that provides legal services to immigrants. (nytimes.com) The Boston Teachers Union offers events and web resources to support undocumented students. (www.bostonpublicschools.org)
This blog is not the place for a discussion of how vital immigrants are to our economy, how they hold jobs native-born Americans often won’t take, how they contribute more in taxes and business development than they take. (cmsny.org) This blog is for educators. Let us remind ourselves: We all need to be aware of the tremendous toll that Trump’s planned mass deportations will take on some of our students and their families. We have responsibilities as well as rights. It’s up to us to uphold the law and be sure that our students are protected by it.
